Decree of the President of the People's Republic of China

(No. 6)

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution was adopted by the Third Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 28, 2003. It is hereby promulgated and will enter into force on October 1, 2003.

President Hu Jintao of the People's Republic of China

28 June 2003

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution

Xinhua Beijing, June 28

(Adopted by the Third Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on June 28, 2003)

Chapter I General Provisions

CHAPTER II SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Chapter III Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution in Nuclear Facilities

CHAPTER IV PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN THE UTILIZATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER V PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF URANIUM (THORIUM) ORES AND ASSOCIATED RADIOACTIVE ORES

CHAPTER VI RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to prevent and control radioactive pollution, protect the environment, safeguard human health, and promote the development and peaceful use of nuclear energy and technology.

Article 2 This Law shall apply to the prevention and control of radioactive pollution occurring in the process of site selection, construction, operation, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, nuclear technology, uranium (thorium) ore and associated radioactive ore development and utilization in the territory and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

Article 3 The State shall implement the policy of giving priority to prevention, combining prevention with control, strictly managing and putting safety first in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Article 4 The State encourages and supports scientific research and Technological Development and utilization in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution, and promotes advanced technologies for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

The state supports international exchanges and cooperation in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Article 5 People's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the prevention and control of radioactive pollution into environmental protection plans.

People's governments at or above the county level shall organize targeted propaganda and education on the prevention and control of radioactive pollution so as to make the public aware of the relevant situation and scientific knowledge on the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Article 6 Any unit or individual shall have the right to report and prosecute acts that cause radioactive pollution.

Article 7 Units and individuals who have made remarkable achievements in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall be rewarded by the people's governments at or above the county level.

Article 8 The competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council shall exercise unified supervision and management over the prevention and control of radioactive pollution throughout the country in accordance with law.

The administrative department of health under the State Council and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with the responsibilities prescribed by the State Council, supervise and administer the prevention and control of radioactive pollution according to law.

CHAPTER II SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Article 9 The national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall be formulated by the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council in accordance with the requirements of environmental safety and the state's economic and technological conditions. The national standards for prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall be jointly promulgated by the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council and the competent administrative department of standardization under the State Council.

Article 10 The State establishes a monitoring system for radioactive pollution. The competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council, together with other relevant departments under the State Council, organizes environmental monitoring networks to monitor and manage radioactive pollution.

Article 11 The competent administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council and other relevant departments under the State Council shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities and responsibilities, share information and cooperate closely, supervise and inspect the prevention and control of radioactive pollution in the development and utilization of nuclear facilities and uranium (thorium) mines.

The competent administrative departments of environmental protection under the local people's governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments at the same level shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities and responsibilities, share information and cooperate closely to supervise and inspect the prevention and control of radioactive pollution in the utilization of nuclear technology and the development and utilization of associated radioactive minerals in their respective administrative areas.

When supervising and inspecting personnel conduct on-site inspection, they shall produce their certificates. The units inspected must faithfully reflect the situation and provide necessary information. Supervisors and inspectors shall keep technical and business secrets for the units under inspection. When inspecting units and parts involved in state secrets, they shall abide by the provisions of the State concerning the preservation of state secrets and go through relevant examination and approval procedures according to law.

Article 12 Units operating nuclear facilities, utilizing nuclear technology, developing and utilizing uranium (thorium) mines and associated radioactive mines shall be responsible for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution in their own units, subject to the supervision and management of the competent administrative departments of environmental protection and other relevant departments, and shall be liable for the radioactive pollution caused by them according to law.

Article 13 Units operating nuclear facilities, utilizing nuclear technology, developing and utilizing uranium (thorium) mines and associated radioactive mines must take safety and protective measures to prevent accidents that may lead to radioactive pollution and avoid the hazards of radioactive pollution.

Units operating nuclear facilities, utilizing nuclear technology, developing and utilizing uranium (thorium) mines and associated radioactive mines shall carry out radioactive safety education and training for their staff and take effective protective safety measures.

Article 14 The State shall implement a qualification management system for professionals engaged in the prevention and control of radioactive pollution and for institutions engaged in the monitoring of radioactive pollution.

Article 15 Effective measures shall be taken to prevent radioactive contamination in the transportation of radioactive substances and radioactive devices containing radioactive sources. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 16 Radioactive substances and radiological devices shall be marked with obvious radiological signs and warning instructions in Chinese. Places for the production, sale, use, storage and disposal of radioactive substances and radiological devices, as well as tools for transporting radioactive substances and radiological devices containing radioactive sources, shall be marked with obvious radioactivity.

Article 17 Products containing radioactive substances shall conform to the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution; products that do not conform to the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall not be manufactured or sold.

The use of concomitant radioactive slag and stones containing natural radioactive substances as building and decoration materials shall conform to the national radionuclide control standards for building materials.

Chapter III Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution in Nuclear Facilities

Article 18 The site selection of nuclear facilities shall be scientifically demonstrated and the examination and approval procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State. Before going through the examination and approval procedures for the site selection of nuclear facilities, an environmental impact report shall be prepared and submitted to the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval; without approval, the relevant departments shall not go through the approval documents for the site selection of nuclear facilities.

Article 19 Before carrying out activities such as construction, loading, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, the operating units of nuclear facilities must, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council on safety supervision and management of nuclear facilities, apply for approval procedures for the construction and operation of nuclear facilities and for loading and decommissioning.

After obtaining the relevant permits or approval documents, the operating units of nuclear facilities may carry out corresponding construction, loading, operation and decommissioning activities.

Article 20 A nuclear facility operating unit shall prepare an environmental impact report before applying for the construction and operation license of a nuclear facility and going through the formalities for examination and approval of decommissioning, which shall be submitted to the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval. Without approval, the relevant departments shall not issue a license or handle approval documents.

Article 21 Radioactive pollution prevention and control facilities matched with nuclear facilities shall be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main works.

Radioactive pollution prevention and control facilities shall be checked and accepted at the same time as the main project; if the acceptance is qualified, the main project can be put into production or use.

Article 22 Importing nuclear facilities shall conform to the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution; in the absence of corresponding national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution, the relevant foreign standards designated by the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council shall be adopted.

Article 23 Planned restricted zones shall be delimited in the peripheral areas of nuclear power plants and other important nuclear facilities. Measures for the delimitation and management of planned restricted areas shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 24 Operating units of nuclear facilities shall monitor the types and concentrations of radionuclides in the environment around nuclear facilities and the total amount of radionuclides in the effluents of nuclear facilities, and regularly submit them to the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council and the environmental protection administration of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government where they are located. The competent authorities report the monitoring results.

The competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council is responsible for supervisory monitoring of nuclear power plants and other important nuclear facilities, and for monitoring the effluents of other nuclear facilities as required. The construction, operation and maintenance costs of the supervisory monitoring system are arranged by the financial budget.

Article 25 Operating units of nuclear facilities shall establish and improve the safety and security system, strengthen the safety and security work, and accept supervision and guidance from public security departments.

Operating units of nuclear facilities shall formulate emergency plans at nuclear accident sites in accordance with the scale and nature of nuclear facilities and prepare for emergencies.

When a nuclear accident emergency occurs, the operating units of nuclear facilities must immediately take effective emergency measures to control the accident and report to the competent departments of nuclear facilities and environmental protection administration, health administration, public security and other relevant departments.

Article 26 The State shall establish and improve the emergency response system for nuclear accidents.

Under the organization and leadership of the people's governments at the corresponding levels, the competent departments of nuclear facilities, the administrative departments of environmental protection, the administrative departments of public health, the public security departments and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, do a good job of emergency response to nuclear accidents according to law.

The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force of China shall provide effective support in the emergency response to nuclear accidents in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

Article 27 Operating units of nuclear facilities shall formulate plans for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities.

Expenses for decommissioning of nuclear facilities and disposal of radioactive waste shall be advanced and included in the investment estimates or production costs. Measures for the extraction and management of decommissioning expenses and radioactive waste disposal expenses of nuclear facilities shall be formulated by the financial department, the price department under the State Council, together with the competent administrative department of environmental protection and the competent department of nuclear facilities under the State Council.

CHAPTER IV PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN THE UTILIZATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

Article 28 Units producing, selling and using radioisotopes and radiological devices shall apply for licenses and go through registration procedures in accordance with the provisions of the State Council on Radiological Protection of radioisotopes and radiological devices.

Units transferring or importing radioisotopes and radiological devices and units equipped with radioisotope instruments shall go through relevant formalities in accordance with the provisions of the State Council on Radiological Protection of radioisotopes and radiological devices.

Article 29 Units that produce, sell and use radioisotopes and accelerators, neutron generators and radiological devices containing radioactive sources shall prepare environmental impact assessment documents before applying for a permit and report them to the people of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government shall examine and approve it; without approval, the relevant departments shall not issue licenses.

The State establishes a system for recording radioactive isotopes. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 30 Radiation protection facilities in newly built, rebuilt or expanded radiation workplaces shall be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main works.

Radiation protection facilities shall be checked and accepted at the same time as the main project; if the acceptance is qualified, the main project may be put into production or use. Article 31 Radioactive isotopes shall be stored separately and not together with inflammable, explosive or corrosive articles. Effective safety and protection measures against fire, theft and radiation leakage shall be adopted in the storage sites, and special persons shall be designated to take charge of the storage.

When storing, receiving, using and returning radioactive isotopes, they shall be registered and inspected so as to keep the accounts in line.

Article 32 Units that produce and use radioisotopes and radiological devices shall collect, package and store radioactive waste generated by them in accordance with the regulations of the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council.

Units producing radioactive sources shall recover and utilize waste radioactive sources in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council; units using radioactive sources shall return the waste radioactive sources to units producing radioactive sources or to units specializing in radioactive solid waste in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council. Units for storage and disposal of materials.

Article 33 Units that produce, sell, use and store radioactive sources shall establish and improve a safety and security system, designate special persons to be responsible for it, implement a safety responsibility system and formulate necessary emergency measures for accidents. When accidents of loss, theft and radioactive pollution occur, relevant units and individuals must immediately take emergency measures and report to the public security department, the administrative department of health and the administrative department of environmental protection.

Public security departments, public health administrative departments and environmental protection administrative departments shall report to the people's governments at the corresponding levels after receiving reports of accidents involving loss of radioactive sources, theft and radioactive pollution, and immediately organize effective measures to prevent the spread of radioactive pollution and reduce accident losses in accordance with their respective responsibilities. The local people's government shall inform the public of the relevant situation in a timely manner, and do a good job in the investigation and handling of accidents.

CHAPTER V PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF URANIUM (THORIUM) ORES AND ASSOCIATED RADIOACTIVE ORES

Article 34 Units that develop, utilize or close uranium (thorium) mines shall prepare environmental impact reports before applying for mining licenses or going through the formalities for examination and approval of decommissioning and submit them to the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council for examination and approval.

Units exploiting and utilizing associated radioactive mines shall prepare environmental impact reports before applying for mining licenses and submit them to the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's governments at or above the provincial level for examination and approval.

Article 35 Radioactive pollution prevention and control facilities matching the development and utilization projects of uranium (thorium) mines and associated radioactive mines shall be designed, constructed and put into use simultaneously with the main works.

Radioactive pollution prevention and control facilities shall be checked and accepted at the same time as the main project; if the acceptance is qualified, the main project can be put into production or use.

Article 36 Uranium (thorium) mining development and utilization units shall monitor the effluent and surrounding environment of uranium (thorium) mines and regularly report the monitoring results to the competent administrative departments of environmental protection under the State Council and the competent administrative departments of environmental protection under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Article 37 Tailings produced during the development and utilization of uranium (thorium) and associated radioactive ores shall be stored and disposed of by constructing tailings reservoirs, which shall meet the requirements of prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Article 38 The development and utilization units of uranium (thorium) mines shall formulate plans for the decommissioning of uranium (thorium) mines. Expenses for decommissioning uranium mines are arranged by the state budget.

CHAPTER VI RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

Article 39 Units operating nuclear facilities, utilizing nuclear technology, developing and utilizing uranium (thorium) mines and associated radioactive mines shall reasonably select and utilize raw materials, adopt advanced production technologies and equipment, and minimize the production of radioactive waste.

Article 40 The discharge of radioactive waste gases and liquids into the environment must conform to the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Article 41 Units producing radioactive waste gases and liquids that discharge radioactive waste gases and liquids to the environment conforming to the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution shall apply to the competent administrative department of environmental protection for examining and approving the environmental impact assessment documents for the discharge of radionuclides and report regularly the results of emission measurement.

Article 42 Units that produce radioactive waste liquor must treat or store radioactive waste liquor that cannot be discharged into the environment in accordance with the requirements of the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.

Units that produce radioactive waste liquids must discharge radioactive waste liquids to the environment in accordance with the national standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution in a manner consistent with the regulations of the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council.

It is forbidden to discharge radioactive waste liquid by seepage wells, seepage pits, natural cracks, karst caves or other means prohibited by the State.

Article 43 Low- and medium-level radioactive solid wastes shall be disposed of near-surface in areas conforming to the provisions of the State.

High-level radioactive solid waste is disposed of intensively in deep geology.

(a) Radioactive solid waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Disposal of radioactive solid waste in inland waters and oceans is prohibited.

Article 44 The competent department of nuclear facilities under the State Council, in conjunction with the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council, shall, in accordance with geological conditions and conditions.

For the need of radioactive solid waste disposal, the site selection plan for radioactive solid waste disposal sites shall be worked out on the basis of environmental impact assessment and submitted to the State Council for approval before implementation.

The local people's governments concerned shall, in accordance with the site selection plan for radioactive solid waste disposal sites, provide construction land for radioactive solid waste disposal sites and take effective measures to support the disposal of radioactive solid waste.

Article 45 Units that produce radioactive solid waste shall, in accordance with the regulations of the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council, dispose of the radioactive solid waste generated by them and send it to the units that dispose of radioactive solid waste for disposal, and bear the expenses for disposal.

Measures for the collection and use of fees for the disposal of radioactive solid waste shall be formulated by the financial department and the competent price department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council.

Article 46 The establishment of units specializing in the storage and disposal of radioactive solid waste must be examined and approved by the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council and obtain a permit. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

It is prohibited to engage in the storage and disposal of radioactive solid waste without permission or in accordance with the relevant provisions of the permission.

It is forbidden to supply or entrust radioactive solid waste to storage and disposal of unlicensed units.

Article 47 It is forbidden to import radioactive waste and radioactive contaminated articles into or transfer them through the territory of the People's Republic of China.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Article 48 Supervisory and administrative personnel for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution who, in violation of the provisions of the law, take advantage of their duties to accept other people's property, seek other interests, or neglect their duties, shall be given administrative sanctions according to law if they commit any of the following acts; if a crime is constituted, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law:

(1) issuing licenses and handling approval documents for units that do not meet the legal conditions;

(2) failing to perform the duties of supervision and management according to law;

(3) Those who discover illegal acts shall not be investigated and punished.

Article 49 Any person who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent administrative department for environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments to make corrections within a time limit in accordance with their functions and powers, and may be fined not more than 20,000 yuan.

(1) Failing to report the results of environmental monitoring in accordance with regulations;

(2) Refusing the competent administrative department of environmental protection and other relevant departments to conduct on-site inspections, or failing to reflect the actual situation and provide necessary information when inspected.

Article 50 Where an environmental impact assessment document has not been prepared in violation of the provisions of this Law, or if the environmental impact assessment document has not been approved by the competent administrative department of environmental protection, and the construction, operation, production and use activities have been carried out without authorization, the competent administrative department of environmental protection that examines and approves the environmental impact assessment document shall order the suspension of the illegal act. Fill in the formalities within a time limit or restore the status quo, and impose a fine of more than 10,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.

Article 51 Where, in violation of the provisions of this Law, no facilities for prevention and control of radioactive pollution or radiation protection have been built, or if the facilities for prevention and control have not passed the acceptance test and acceptance, the main project is put into production or use, the environmental protection of the environmental impact assessment documents shall be examined and approved.

The competent department of Nursing Administration ordered that the illegal acts be stopped, corrected within a time limit, and imposed a fine of more than 50,000 yuan and less than 200,000 yuan.

Article 52 If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, without permission or approval, the operating units of nuclear facilities engage in the construction, loading, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities without authorization, the competent administrative department of environmental protection under the State Council shall order them to stop their illegal activities, make corrections within a time limit, and impose a fine of not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan. Those who commit crimes shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

Article 53 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces, sells, uses, transfers, imports or stores radioactive isotopes and radiological devices and instruments equipped with radioactive isotopes shall be ordered by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments to stop the illegal act in accordance with their functions and powers and to change it within a time limit. If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend production and business or revoke its license; if it has illegal income, its illegal income shall be confiscated; if the illegal income exceeds 100,000 yuan, it shall also be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, it shall also be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 54 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, make corrections within a time limit and impose a fine. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(1) The tailings of uranium (thorium) ore and associated radioactive ore are not stored or disposed of by building tailings ponds or tailings ponds in accordance with the requirements of prevention and control of radioactive pollution;

(2) Discharging radioactive waste gases and liquids that are not allowed to be discharged into the environment;

(3) discharging radioactive waste liquor in a manner not in accordance with the regulations, and discharging radioactive waste liquor by seepage wells, seepage pits, natural fissures, karst caves or other ways prohibited by the State;

(4) Failing to treat or store radioactive waste liquids that cannot be discharged into the environment in accordance with the provisions;

(5) Providing or entrusting radioactive solid waste to an unlicensed unit for storage and disposal.

Anyone who commits one of the acts mentioned in Items (1), 2, 3 and 5 of the preceding paragraph shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; those who commit the acts mentioned in Item (4) of the preceding paragraph shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

Article 55 Any person who violates the provisions of this Law and commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments to make corrections within a time limit according to their functions and powers; if he fails to make corrections within the time limit, he shall be ordered to stop production and business and shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; if a crime is constitut Responsibility:

(1) Failure to set up radioactive labels, signs and warning instructions in Chinese in accordance with regulations;

(2) Failing to establish and improve the safety and security system and formulate emergency plans or emergency measures for accidents in accordance with the provisions;

(3) Failure to report the loss or theft of radioactive sources or accidents of radioactive contamination in accordance with regulations.

Article 56 If a unit that produces radioactive solid waste fails to dispose of the radioactive solid waste generated by it in accordance with the provisions of Article 45 of this Law, the competent administrative department of environmental protection that examines and approves the environmental impact assessment documents issued by the unit shall order it to stop the illegal act and make corrections within a time limit; if it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall designate it.  Units capable of disposing of radioactive solid waste shall be disposed of on their behalf, and the expenses required shall be borne by the units producing radioactive solid waste, and may also be fined not more than 200,000 yuan; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

Article 57 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the provincial level to suspend production or business or revoke the license; if there are illegal gains, the illegal gains shall be confiscated; if the illegal gains are more than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be impos If the legal income or illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, the offender shall also be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; if the offence constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law:

(1) Unauthorized activities in the storage and disposal of radioactive solid waste;

(2) Those who do not engage in the storage and disposal of radioactive solid waste in accordance with the relevant provisions of the permit.

Article 58 Whoever imports radioactive waste or radioactive contaminated articles into the territory of the People's Republic of China or transfers radioactive waste or radioactive contaminated articles through the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be ordered by the Customs to return the radioactive waste and radioactive contaminated articles and shall be sentenced to over 500,000 yuan and one million yuan. A fine of less than RMB yuan shall be imposed; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Article 59 Those who cause damage to others due to radioactive pollution shall bear civil liability according to law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 60 The prevention and control of radioactive pollution of military installations and equipment shall be supervised and managed by the relevant competent departments of the State Council and the army in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Law and the responsibilities stipulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

Article 61 The prevention and control of occupational diseases caused by workers'exposure to radioactive substances in their occupational activities shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases.

Article 62 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

(1) Radioactive pollution refers to the occurrence of radioactive substances or rays exceeding the national standards on the surface or inside of materials, human bodies, places or environmental media due to human activities.

(2) Nuclear facilities refer to nuclear power plants (nuclear power plants, nuclear heat and power plants, nuclear steam heating plants, etc.) and other reactors (research reactors, experimental reactors, critical devices, etc.); nuclear fuel production, processing, storage and reprocessing facilities; radioactive waste treatment and disposal facilities, etc.

(3) Utilization of nuclear technology refers to the use of sealed radiation sources, non-sealed radiation sources and radiation devices in the fields of medicine, industry, agriculture, geological survey, scientific research and teaching.

(4) Radioisotopes refer to nuclides with the same atomic number but different mass in an element that undergoes radioactive decay.

(5) Radioactive sources refer to radioactive materials that are permanently sealed in containers or are tightly clad and solid in addition to materials in the nuclear fuel cycle of research reactors and power reactors.

(6) Radiation devices refer to X-ray machines, accelerators, neutron generators and devices containing radioactive sources.

(7) Associated radioactive ores refer to non-uranium ores (such as rare earth ores and phosphate ores) containing high levels of natural radionuclides.

(8) Radioactive wastes refer to wastes containing or contaminated with radionuclides whose concentration or specific activity is greater than the level of clean and uncontrolled determined by the State and which are not expected to be used anymore.

Article 63 This Law shall come into force on October 1, 2003. (End)